Clinical and Pathological Examination of Relations between Diabetes Mellitus and Oral Cancer, with Particular Reference to HbA1c-levels
Végh Ádám János
Clinical Medicine
Dr. Reusz György
SE Arc-, Állcsont-, Szájsebészeti és Fogászati Klinika előadóterme
2023-09-29 09:00:00
Dental Research
Dr. Varga Gábor
Dr. Németh Zsolt
Dr. Orsós Mária Mercédesz
Dr. Kis János Tibor
Dr. Somogyi Anikó
Dr. Róth Ivett
Dr. Szalai Bence
Our studies aimed to investigate the link between preoperative glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of oral cancer patients and control patients. We highlighted the importance of point-of-care HbA1c measurements in oral cancer patients.
In our main study, 214 patients admitted to the Department of Inpatient Care at Semmelweis University's Department of Oromaxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology between September 1, 2020, and May 21 2021; individuals, who had undergone maxillofacial surgery under general anaesthesia, were included in the study. We also pursued a retrospective research study in Hungary between January 2019 and December 2020. We investigated 597 inpatient records and compared them to the results of our previous studies (1998–2002 and 2012–2015).
Our POC study showed a significant difference between the oral cancer group and the control group regarding smoking (p=0.009) and alcohol intake (p=0.003). There was no statistically significant difference regarding sex (p=0.132) and DM (p=0.147) between the two groups. The tumour group had an 8.52 % greater DM prevalence, which was insignificant. Twenty individuals in the oral cancer group (17.69 %) had a higher HbA1c level than the upper level of the optimal metabolic value (6.9 %). Nine participants (8.91%) in the control group had an HbA1c value greater than 6.9 %, meaning their metabolic level was poor. The oral cancer group did not have higher blood glucose levels than the control group. From our retrospective study, we learned that the frequency of patients with DM in the oral cancer group is 2.45 times higher today than 20 years ago. The prevalence rate of DM and oral malignancies increased from 14.6 % to 35.8 %. In the oral cancer group, 54.4 % of the patients had elevated blood glucose levels; of these, 61.1 % had T2DM, 34.2 % had impaired fasting glycemia, and only 4.7 % had T1DM. We observed that 45.3 % of them were smokers. Of those whose blood sugar levels were under 6.1 mmol/l, the mean body mass index was 25.33 (standard deviation [SD]: ±4.5; range: 15.57–39.84), while among patients with DM, it was 26.92 (SD: ±5.8; range: 18.36–44.08).
Our primary research found that elevated HbA1c level (>6,9 %) is more common in the oral cancer group. Furthermore, our retrospective study showed an increase in the number of DM patients in the oral cancer group. These data show a clear link between DM and oral cancer. These facts make point-of-care HbA1c measurement an important preventive, diagnostic tool in the dental office.
